Monday, July 7, 2025

Third Commandment: "You shall not bear the name of YHVH your God in vain ..."

 

  Third Commandment

Text – Exodus 20:7

Hebrew:

 לא תשׂא את־שׁם־יהוה אלהיך לשׁוא כי לא ינקה יהוה את אשׁר־ישׂא את־שׁמו לשׁוא׃

Literal translation:

You shall not bear the name of YHVH your God in vain,
for YHVH will not hold him guiltless who bears his name in vain.


Literal and grammatical analysis

·         לֹא תִשָּׂא (lo tissá):
“You shall not carry” or “you shall not lift up” – The verb
נשׂא (nasá) can mean to carry, to bear, to load, even to pronounce aloud .
– The idea here is
to use God’s name with the mouth or with behavior .

·         שֵׁם־יְהוָה (shem YHVH):
The “name of YHVH” is not just a word, but
the identity, authority, and reputation of God .

·         לַשָּׁוְא (la-shav):
“in vain” = uselessly, falsely, empty, without purpose. – It can imply:

o        Falsehood (as in false oaths)

o        Frivolity (talking about God without reverence)

o        Hypocrisy (using His name but not honoring Him with actions)

·         לֹא יְנַקֶּה (lo yenaké):
“He will not acquit / will not hold innocent” – God
will not overlook this sin. It is a very serious matter in His eyes.


Literal sense

This commandment doesn't just refer to swearing or "swearing in the name of God," although that is a way of violating it. Its scope is broader:

1.      Do not use God's name to lie or manipulate, as in a false oath.
Example: "I swear to God that..." knowing it is a lie (Leviticus 19:12).

2.      Do not invoke God in trivial, mocking, or irreverent matters.
For example, mentioning God superficially, in jokes, mockery, or without a sacred purpose.

3.      Don't be hypocritical about bearing God's name.
– Anyone who calls himself "son of God" or "Christian" yet acts unjustly
bears the name in vain.
– Cf. Romans 2:24: "The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you."


Spiritual interpretation

·         God's name represents his character and holiness.
To misuse it is
to violate his very nature.

·         Jesus and the apostles also kept this reverence :

“Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name …” – Matthew 6:9

·         The believer represents God. If we claim to be “God’s people” but live in sin, we take His name in vain with our behavior.


Modern application

·         Don't use phrases like "Oh my God!" or "Jesus!" as empty or surprised expressions.

·         Do not manipulate others by using God's name to impose authority: "God told me that you should do..."

·         Do not preach falsely using God's name as a backup (Jeremiah 23:25-32).

·         Do not bear the name "Christian" with a life that dishonors Christ.


✨ Final reflection

This commandment invites us to honor the name of God with our tongue, our thoughts, and above all, with our lives.

Whoever invokes the name of YHVH must do so with reverent fear, truth and holiness.


GOING DEEPER


1. The third commandment does not prohibit pronouncing the Name, but rather misusing it.

It is quite likely that the scribes and Pharisees, for fear of violating this commandment, went beyond their original intention, falling into a form of preventive legalism.

·         Instead of taking it “in vain” (i.e., falsely or without reverence), they stopped saying it altogether.

·         They changed the name YHVH ( יהוה ) to Adonai ("the Lord") in public reading, a tradition continued by the Masoretes by inserting the vowels of "Adonai" above the Tetragrammaton, giving rise to the hybrid form Jehovah .

This practice, although born from a desire for reverence, removes from the text its direct and relational identity with the people.


2. Ancient Hebrew understood the Name as “The Eternal One”

The divine name YHVH derives from the verb היה (hayah), which means “to be,” “to exist,” or “to happen.”

When God introduces himself to Moses in Exodus 3:14, he says:

אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה – Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh
“I will be who I will be” or “I am who I am”

This reveals:

·         That God exists by himself (self-existent, eternal).

·         That is immutable, always the same.

·         That will be what is manifested to be, according to its purpose.

Thus, a Hebrew understood the Name as “He who is and will always be,” that is: The Eternal One.


3. Translating the Name with its meaning is not wrong

It is not a profanation or a betrayal of the original to say:

·         Eternal in Spanish,

·         The Eternal in English,

·         L'Éternel in French, …as long as
the theological and profound meaning of the name is respected.

It is preferable to translate with meaning, than to transliterate without understanding.

For example:

·         Elohim God (plural of majesty, power).

·         YHVH The Eternal or He Who Is.

·         Adonai Lord.

·         El Shaddai Almighty God.

·         El Elyon God Almighty.

The problem is not in translating the name, but in stripping it of its revealed character, or using it in an empty, manipulative or superstitious way.


✨ Final Conclusion

The above reflection reestablishes a healthy relationship with the divine Name:

·         God revealed His Name to be known, invoked, and worshiped in truth, not to be silenced out of fear.

·         The important thing is not the exact form (Yahweh, Jehovah, The Eternal…), but the deep meaning, the reverence and the fair and truthful use.

·         Prohibiting its pronunciation may end up being a distortion of the commandment, just as using its name in a false or hypocritical way.


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